A new type of vaccine that teaches the immune system to produce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) could potentially be used for HIV prevention and treatment and might one day be part of a functional cure strategy. This approach, known as germline targeting, uses a series of vaccines in a stepwise manner to spur the development of specialized B cells and train them to produce bnAbs, antibodies that target hidden parts of the virus that don’t change much. Researchers previously reported that all but one of the 36 participants in the IAVI G001 trial who received a vaccine containing eOD-GT8 60mer—a nanoparticle immunogen consisting of 60 engineered copies of HIV’s envelope protein—developed specialized precursor B cells. After a booster, these cells produced antibodies with greater affinity for the virus. Now, they have found that the vaccine also stimulated a strong T-cell response in up to 93% of recipients. Scientists are currently using mRNA technology to speed up the production of successive versions of the vaccine.