Compared with the general population, people with HIV may be more likely to develop diabetes and to do so at a younger age, even if they are not obese. Researchers studied nationally representative data concerning 8,610 people with HIV and 5,604 people without. Ninety percent of the HIV-positive individuals were on treatment for the virus, about one in four were obese and one in 10 had diabetes. Thirty-six percent of the HIV-negative individuals were obese, and just over 8 percent had diabetes. After adjusting the data for various factors, the investigators found that the diabetes rate was 3.8 percent higher among the HIV-positive group compared with the HIV-negative individuals, including 5 percent higher in women, 4.1 percent higher in those 20 to 44 years old and 3.5 percent higher in those who were not obese. Whether HIV itself leads to diabetes remains a question.